C – Bit wise Operators

Bit wise operators in C:

These operators are used to perform bit operations. Decimal values are converted into binary values which are the sequence of bits and bit wise operators work on these bits.
Bit wise operators in C language are & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ~ (bitwise OR), ^ (XOR), << (left shift) and >> (right shift).

Truth table for bit wise operation Bit wise operators

x	y	x\|y	x & y	x ^ y	Operator_symbol	Operator_name
0	0	0	0	0	&	Bitwise_AND
0	1	1	0	1	\|	Bitwise OR
1	0	1	0	1	~	Bitwise_NOT
1	1	1	1	0	^	XOR
					<<	Left Shift
					>>	Right Shift

Consider x=40 and y=80. Binary form of these values are given below.

x = 00101000
y= 01010000

All bit wise operations for x and y are given below.

x&y = 00000000 (binary) = 0 (decimal)
x|y = 01111000 (binary) = 120 (decimal)
~x = 11111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111010111
.. ..= -41 (decimal)
x^y = 01111000 (binary) = 120 (decimal)
x << 1 = 01010000 (binary) = 80 (decimal)
x >> 1 = 00010100 (binary) = 20 (decimal)

Note:

Bit wise NOT : Value of 40 in binary is 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000010100000000000. So, all 0′s are converted into 1′s in bit wise NOT operation.
Bit wise left shift and right shift : In left shift operation “x << 1 “, 1 means that the bits will be left shifted by one place. If we use it as “x << 2 “, then, it means that the bits will be left shifted by 2 places.

Example program for bit wise operators in C:

In this example program, bit wise operations are performed as shown above and output is displayed in decimal format.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int m = 40,n = 80,AND_opr,OR_opr,XOR_opr,NOT_opr ;
AND_opr = (m&n);
OR_opr = (m|n);
NOT_opr = (~m);
XOR_opr = (m^n);
printf(“AND_opr value = %d\n”,AND_opr );
printf(“OR_opr value = %d\n”,OR_opr );
printf(“NOT_opr value = %d\n”,NOT_opr );
printf(“XOR_opr value = %d\n”,XOR_opr );
printf(“left_shift value = %d\n”, m << 1);
printf(“right_shift value = %d\n”, m >> 1);
}

Output:

AND_opr value = 0
OR_opr value = 120
NOT_opr value = -41
XOR_opr value = 120
left_shift value = 80
right_shift value = 20

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